ES&S

SMARTPREP IB Flash Cards | IB DP ES&S SL

2nd Edition

Gillian Williams

Published 2018
For first exams 2017 onwards
SMARTPREP is a product brand of:

Hsquared Education GmbH
Stefan George Ring 19
81929 Munich
Germany

Copyright notice

Copyright © 2018 by Hsquared Education GmbH. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, please write to the publisher, at [email protected].

Certain content, products and services in this publication may include links to third-parties. Third-party links may direct you to third-party websites that are not affiliated with us. We are not responsible for examining or evaluating the content or accuracy and we do not warrant and will not have any liability or responsibility for any third-party materials or websites, or for any other materials, products, or services of third-parties.

All SMARTPREP products are developed independently of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).

Although the author and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the information in this publication was correct at press time, the author and publisher do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause.

Acknowledgements

The author(s) and publisher(s) gratefully acknowledge permission to use copyright material in this publication. Every effort has been made to trace and contact copyright holders. If there are any inadvertent omissions we apologize to those concerned, and ask that you contact us so that we can correct any oversight as soon as possible. You can contact us at [email protected].

(Key: b-bottom; c-centre; l-left; r-right; t-top)

Shutterstock; 54br: Smileus/Wikimedia; 54bl: Robur.q/Wikimedia; 55c: P. Rona/Wikimedia; 114bl: Hadi Karimi/ Wikimedia; 114br: Agnes Monkelbaan/Wikimedia; 131tl: Robert Kerton/Wikimedia; 131tr: Tim & Anette/Wikimedia; 131bl: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service – Pacific Region’s/Wikimedia; 131br: P. Rona/Wikimedia; 152bl: UNEP FI/all-free-download.com; 152br: brandsoftheworld.com/Wikimedia; 155bl: Koshy Koshy/Wikimedia; 155br: Bob Nichols, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service./Wikimedia; 161br: Ramsar/Shutterstock; 165tr: Alexander Mazurkevich/Shutterstock; 166tr: Ery Azmeer/Wikimedia; 168br: Thomas/Shutterstock; 212cl: pinyoj/Wikimedia; 305bl: https://pixabay.com/en/users/hpgruesen-2204343//Wikimedia; 305br: USFS Region 5/Wikimedia; 327c: cs:Wikipedista:Frettie/Wikimedia; 332bc: Yinan Chen/Shutterstock; 338l: sunsetman/ Wikimedia; 338cl: Estormiz/Wikimedia; 338cr: Estormiz/Wikimedia; 338r: SuSanA Secretariat/Flickr; 358br: q phia/Wikimedia; 359b: Saalebaer.